论我国司法鉴定的体制与改革

司法鉴定制度作为我国司法制度的重要组成部分,在现代诉讼中发挥着日益重要的作用。我国现行司法鉴定制度存在较多问题,诸如法制不全、职责不清、鉴定缺乏标准化等。改革的方向可以从以下几个方面入手完善司法鉴定的体制、设立鉴定人制度、改革鉴定程序的启动、规定鉴定场所和鉴定期限、建立鉴定人员出庭制、统一鉴定标准。     

Sustainability reporting by Australian local government authorities

This qualitative study investigates the Western Australian (WA) local government authorities’ sustainability reporting practices, in the absence of mandatory reporting guidelines, through content analysis of their websites. Calculations from comparing the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)’s disclosures with those of 140 local council websites were used to develop a sustainability reporting disclosure index. The findings indicate that sustainability reporting remains moderately practised by local government authorities, despite stakeholder demand for proactive disclosures. The discourse analysis shows that Western Australia’s strategic planning for sustainable development is the key force propelling councils towards sustainability reporting practices. The findings also suggest that WA local government authorities are increasing sustainability disclosures to legitimate their social and environmental initiatives. The findings have policy implications for regulators and/or government in Western Australia, with practical implications for local council authorities and/or managers in developing awareness of sustainable operations. The study also contributes to local government authorities’ growing awareness of sustainable service operations.     

行政主体适用法律法规错误研究

行政主体适用法律法规错误是行政法治实践中发生的问题，《行政诉讼法》没有作出适用法律法规错误的具体规定，学界对这一问题的讨论亦存在着诸多方面的困惑。因而关于行政主体适用法律法规错误的具体范畴、考量标准等都没能形成比较合理和一致的看法。我们认为，主要有置换法律法规位置、混淆法律法规门类、误读法律法规条文、颠倒法律法规规制事项和曲解法律法规原则等错误适用。应将“适用的法律法规是否与案件事实对应、适用的法律法规是否与当事人对应、适用的法律法规是否与行政职权对应、适用的法律法规是否与行为方式对应”等标准确定下来成为行政法规范，使行政主体在适用行政法时予以注意，并能够为人民法院的司法审查提供法定标准。     

我国边检机关查验中国公民前往国签证问题探析

本文以关于边检机关是否应查验中国公民前往国签证问题的讨论为背景，结合我国现行出入境制度的发展进程，对查验前往国签证的原因和适法性进行了深入分析，就边检机关如何应对我国适时取消该项查验措施后在出入境领域引发的新变化，提出了若干建议和意见。     

规范检察机关参与非法证据排除程序探析

新《刑事诉讼法》对非法证据排除进行了相关规定,明确了检察机关参与非法证据排除主体性地位。检察机关参与非法证据排除意义重大,有利于从根源上防止非法证据的出现,也有利于克服我国一元制庭审模式的弊端,从而规避非法证据进入庭审对法官的影响,确保法官公正审判,维护司法正义。这就迫切需要对检察机关参与非法证据程序进行规范,才能以之指导检察实践。     

The negligence of prison authorities and the protection of prisoner’s rights

This article looks at the potential for legal action brought by prisoners (and their dependants) who have suffered from the alleged neglect of the prison authorities. The article will examine the case law in this area to assess the success of prisoners’ negligence claims and whether such claims are unduly fettered by judicial attitudes and other more practical issues such as the difficulty in establishing a breach of duty. In particular the article will consider whether the law and its application has been, or should be, modified in the light of new obligations imposed on public authorities, including the courts, by the Human Rights Act 1998 and by the developing case law of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Convention rights such as the right to life and freedom from inhuman and degrading treatment.     

The New Water Legislation of Zimbabwe and South Africa – Comparison of Legal and Institutional Reform

Recently, several new pieces of water legislation have been promulgated in both Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa. The new acts are an attempt to correct injustices of a colonial past and to trigger development towards effective, equitable and efficient integrated water resources management influenced by the policy decisions in Agenda 21 and the need to respect economic and social human rights. This article aims at identifying and describing factors of prime importance in the process of legal and institutional reform. Major factors are earmarked and derived from the proceedings in Zimbabwe and are compared with the situation in South Africa. Thorough analysis by the author of proceedings, preambles, memoranda, legislation and addenda has induced roughly 5 major reform issues: The call for equitable water distribution based on a widely consented water resources management strategy; The need for effective and efficient integrated water resources management conducive to stakeholder participation through decentralisation processes; The redressing of legal shortcomings in former water legislation with the emphasis on the introduction of integrated approaches; The introduction of instruments of cost recovery for water resources management; The need to develop human resources capacity and institutional strength within the implementing agencies.For both Southern African states, these issues appear to be of comparable importance as major triggers for legal and institutional reform, although not always in the same sense.The resulting most important legal and institutional changes are presented, discussed and compared. Finally, prospects for and constraints on implementation of the new water legislation in these countries are compared.     

Ten years after: revisiting the determinants of the adoption of municipal corporations for local service delivery

Research on the use of municipal corporations to deliver local and regional public services has evolved significantly in the past decade. Most of this work addresses the performance of this service-delivery mode in relation to local bureaucracies. However, much less is known about the drivers for the adoption of municipal corporations in the first place. This article reviews the main determinants of adoption – service characteristics, institutional and regulatory settings, political constraints and financial conditions – and highlights the need for comparative research across countries.     

增强维权意识 树立执法权威

人民警察在代表公安机关行使职权时，执法活动依法受到保护，正当执法权益不容侵犯。然而，近年来，人民警察在依法执行公务过程中遭到的谩骂、威胁、殴打，受到诬告、陷害，甚至是暴力抗法事件时有发生。这些事件的发生，不仅关系到人民警察的自身安全，而且直接影响到公安机关打击犯罪、维护治安、保护人民群众生命财产安全职责的有效履行，严重影响了广大公安民警的工作积极性乃至整个警察队伍的稳定，无论是对警察自身、还是公安机关甚至国家的执法权威，都是极大的伤害、藐视和亵渎。因此，采取有效措施，保障公安机关人民警察的正当执法权益，树立执法权成已刻不容缓。     

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1. Introduction
On the morning of April 1st, 2001, a U.S. EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China＇s Hainan Island. Two Chinese fighter jets intercepted the spy plane and followed its flight, as is considered ordinary international practice. For reasons unknown, the EP-3 airplane made a sudden maneuver and crashed into one of the Chinese planes. The Chinese plane dropped into the sea, the pilot missing. The U.S. spy plane was also severely damaged. It intruded into Chinese territorial space and landed on Hainan Island without official permission from the Chinese side. After landing, the spy plane and 24 crew on board were detained by the Chinese authorities. This air collision episode was the first of its kind in the China-U.S. relations and an urgent diplomatic crisis ensued.